Page 20 - Aquauclature Research and Studies (01)

AQUAUCLATURE
Research and Studies 1 (1): 15-01, 2026 page of 193
10

ADC (%) = 100 × (1 − )

where:
F = the nutrient concentration or energy in faeces
D = the nutrient concentration or energy in the diet
Dc = the chromium oxide concentration in the diet
Fc = the chromium oxide concentration in faeces.
The apparent digestibility coefficients of the test ingredients was approx-
imated following Cho and Slinger (1979):
100
ADC ingredient(%) = ×( − 0.7 ×
30
)
2.5. Statistical analyses
All data were shown as means ± standard deviation. A one-way anal-
ysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilised for the data analyses, after prior con-
firmation of homogeneity and normality. If differences were significant (P <
0.05), Duncan's multiple range tests were performed to locate differences be-
tween treatments. The SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., USA) was used for all
statistical analyses.
3. Results
There was no significant variation in the content of nutrients between
untreated and processed CSGM. Soaked and autoclaving CSGM resulted in
significantly lower ANFs, such as total tannins, phytic acid, saponins, and
trypsin inhibitors (Table 1). Pre-treating CSGM by soaking or autoclaving
considerably enhanced the apparent digestibility of dry matter, proteins, li-
pids, energy, ash and carbohydrate compared to untreated CSGM (Table 3).
Plasma glucose, amylase and cholesterol levels (Table 4, Figures 1 and 2)
peaked at 8 h after feeding for all groups. Plasma glucose and cholesterol
levels were higher, and plasma amylase was lower in fish fed the reference
diet than the levels observed in fish fed CGSM diets.