Page 26 - Aquauclature Research and Studies (01)

AQUAUCLATURE
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Research and Studies 1 (1): 15-01, 2026 page of 193

2007; Fountoulaki et al., 2005; Keshavanath et al., 2002; Magalhães et al.,
2015; Péres et al., 1996; Pérez-Jiménez et al., 2009). The highest plasma am-
ylase at peak hour was detected in fish fed autoclaved CGSM, followed by
fish fed soaked and untreated CSGM. Bhatt et al. (2011) reported that higher
intestinal α-amylase, protease, and lipase activities in Labeo rohita fed
soaked and autoclaved Prosopis juliflora seed meal than in those fed un-
treated seed meal. Nile tilapia fed soaked or cooked palm kernel meal exhibits
an improvement in growth performance indicating an improvement in diges-
tive capacity specifically trypsin and amylase (Thongprajukaew et al., 2015).
The time required for fish to recover from glucose loading depends on
the level of starch and the water temperature (Hemre et al., 1995). Peres et al.
(1999) observed that larger peaks (lower and higher) in plasma glucose
among European seabass occur 3–6 h after a glucose injection at 22°C while
similar peak sizes occur in Atlantic salmon 3 h after glucose injection at 2–
3°C (Hemre and Hansen, 1998). Adamidou et al. (2009) reported that the
range of the glucose serum peak in European seabass is delayed after feeding
with fava bean meal and the rate of glucose decrease is slower when legumi-
nous bean meals are included in its diet. In the present study, the plasma glu-
cose peaked at 8 h in all fish groups. Pre-treated CSGM induced significantly
higher plasma glucose than untreated CSGM.
Muscle and plasma cholesterol levels of common carp are reduced when
fed ≥7.2% Sesbania endosperm meal that contains approximately 75% gal-
actomannan (Hossain et al., 2001). In this study, plasma cholesterol level was
lower in fish fed untreated CSGM than those in fish fed pre-treated CSGM.
In contrast, Couto et al. (2016) reported that plasma cholesterol and triglyc-
erides in meagre juveniles are unaffected when fed autoclaved CSGM.
In conclusion, pre-treating CSGM improved the digestibility of its dry
matter, proteins, lipid and energy in red tilapia. Soaked CSGM had a higher
nutrient digestibility than autoclaved CSGM and was recommended over au-
toclaved or raw CGSM as an alternative plant-based source of protein for red
tilapia.